Largest-ever hoard of Anglo-Saxon gold discovered

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Thursday, September 24, 2009
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This is Staffordshire

A 55-YEAR-OLD metal 'detectorist' unearthed the largest hoard of Anglo-Saxon gold ever found, archaeologists said today.

The staggering discovery, on private farmland in Staffordshire, will redefine perceptions of Anglo-Saxon England, experts predict.

Terry Herbert, from Burntwood, Staffordshire, came across the hoard as he searched a field near his home with his trusty 14-year-old detector.

Experts said the collection of more than 1,500 pieces – which will be officially classified by a coroner as treasure today – is unparalleled in size and may have belonged to Saxon royalty.

The hoard, believed to date back to the Seventh Century, contains around 5kg of Gold and 2.5kg of silver, far bigger than previous finds – including the Sutton Hoo burial site.

It may take more than a year to value the collection and, given its scale, the financial worth of the hoard cannot be estimated.

Leslie Webster, former keeper at the British Museum's Department of Prehistory and Europe, said: "This is going to alter our perceptions of Anglo-Saxon England as radically, if not more so, as the Sutton Hoo discoveries.

"(It is) absolutely the equivalent of finding a new Lindisfarne Gospels or Book of Kells."

Many of the items in the hoard are warfare paraphernalia, including sword pommel caps and hilt plates, often inlaid with precious stones.

The exact location of the discovery has not been disclosed but it is understood to be near the Lichfield border in South Staffordshire.

Mr Herbert, who has been metal detecting for 18 years, came across the buried hoard in July after asking a farmer friend if he could search on his land.

He said: "I have this phrase that I say sometimes; 'spirits of yesteryear take me where the coins appear', but on that day I changed coins to gold.

"I don't know why I said it that day, but I think somebody was listening and directed me to it.

"Maybe it was meant to be, maybe the gold had my name on it all along, I don't know.

"My mates at the (metal detecting) club always say if there is a gold coin in a field I will be the one to find it. I dread to think what they'll say when they hear about this."

He added: "This is what metal detectorists dream of, finding stuff like this. But the vast amount there is is just unbelievable."

Dr Kevin Leahy, National Finds Adviser from the Portable Antiquities Scheme, catalogued the hoard.

He said: "The quantity of gold is amazing but, more importantly, the craftsmanship is consummate.

"This was the very best that the Anglo-Saxon metalworkers could do, and they were very good.

"Tiny garnets were cut to shape and set in a mass of cells to give a rich, glowing effect; it is stunning.

"Its origins are clearly the very highest-levels of Saxon aristocracy or royalty. It belonged to the elite."

Dr Leahy, an expert in early medieval metalwork and Saxon craftsmanship, added: "It looks like a collection of trophies, but it is impossible to say if the hoard was the spoils from a single battle or a long and highly successful military career.

"We also cannot say who the original, or the final, owners were, who took it from them, why they buried it or when. It will be debated for decades."

Duncan Slarke, finds liaison officer for Staffordshire, was the first professional to see the hoard.

He said: "Nothing could have prepared me for that. I saw boxes full of gold, items exhibiting the very finest Anglo-Saxon workmanship.

"This is absolutely phenomenal. When I first saw the material I was absolutely staggered.

"To see the volume and the quality of this Anglo-Saxon precious metalwork was absolutely stunning and I was literally speechless.

"It is a hugely hugely important find – the most important one that I have dealt with, but this has got to rank as one of the biggest in the country.

"The volume and size and range of material is amazing and there are things here that we have not seen before.

"At this stage we are still unsure why the material was put in the ground and exactly what some of the material is. Even the dating is difficult because we're relying on previously found material to date this.

"This is such a huge amount, this will probably change the way we date Anglo-Saxon metalwork in the future."

He added: "I feel very privileged to have been the finds liaison officer that dealt with Staffordshire Hoard."

Steve Dean, county archaeologist for Staffordshire, said: "It wasn't until Duncan started to send the photographs through that it actually dawned that this was something incredibly more substantial than we'd previously imagined.

"We had a look at our records and there was no indication for that area actually having the potential for that sort of find so it was a big surprise.

"It is almost certainly nationally important and potentially internationally important and it is going to tell us an awful lot about the development of the Mercian kingdom, which obviously Staffordshire lies within.

"The quality and quantity is something I haven't come across and I don't think any archaeologist in this country has. It is out of this world.

"It is going to be the basis of research for the next 20 years.

"I'm loathe to compare it to Sutton Hoo because it is something very different.

"Sutton Hoo is a burial, this is different, this is a hoard.

"There is more material and in some places the quality is higher, it is unique."

The hoard is currently being held in secure storage at Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery but a selection of items are to be displayed at the museum from tomorrow until October 13.

After that a Treasure Valuation Committee made up of independent experts will value the find.

A joint acquisition between Staffordshire County Council, Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery and also the Potteries Museum and Art Gallery has been proposed.

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6 Comments

  • Profile image for This is Staffordshire

    by Old Miner, Longton

    Friday, September 25 2009, 12:10PM

    “An ancient common-law doctrine in the British Isles whereby items of gold and silver (treasure) which are shown to have been hidden with intent to recover, but for which ownership is now unknown, pass to the crown. The finder of such items is, by custom, rewarded with the commercial value of the find. In 1997 the common law was replaced by The Treasure Act 1996. The term treasure-trove is only used for finds befor this date. In fact the laws on "treasure" are very complicated and normally finalised in court.....”

  • Profile image for This is Staffordshire

    by L.J., Hartshill

    Friday, September 25 2009, 11:11AM

    “Not quite magneto. There is exponentially more value in the craftsmanship and historical importance than the weight of the gold and silver this haul contains. There is a little over 5kg of gold, which is worth around £100k at today's prices. A pittance compared to the billions lost when Gordon Brown recently sold off the national gold reserves.

    Also, this treasure was claimed by the Crown under the Treasure Trove Act (established by Edward the Confessor - one of our last Anglo Saxon Kings, to prevent national treasures leaving the country and/or going into private hands), which means the government will be *paying* its value to the people responsible for finding it. Not *receiving* its value through selling it (which is forbidden). There will be plenty of revenue made through its value to tourism, borrowing fees paid by different institutions for research purposes, etc.”

  • Profile image for This is Staffordshire

    by magneto, shelton

    Thursday, September 24 2009, 11:28PM

    “This massive find could not have come at a better time. Quantitative Easing, which I understand is a govt term for just printing more money, will now have some real value to back it up! Why not get some of the areas skilled VAT scammers to hide it so Gordon Brown can't waste it? I'm sure a few months less jail would lure them to a bit of consultancy work. I wonder how much St Modwen have already dug up.......”

  • Profile image for This is Staffordshire

    by L.J., Hartshill

    Thursday, September 24 2009, 6:30PM

    “This is an absolutely magnificent find. I was in disbelief last night upon hearing it was much larger than the Sutton Hoo find... and right in the county where I live. Amazing!

    Stoke has significant connections with the Anglo-Saxons of course. The town of Stoke was founded by them around 720AD, and around 1830, our Victorian predecessors STUPIDLY bulldozed their ancient church to make way for what we see now. When Charles Lynam - the Harsthill based architect who designed the old Stoke library amongst other distinctive Victorian buildings - grew up, he was furious Stoke council did such a STUPID, wreckless thing (nothing ever changes, eh?), and tracked down bits of the ancient building. Around 1869, he found some parts in the River Trent next to a tile works on Campbell Road, and the altar in somebody's front garden in what is now Shelton New Road! He had them built into a monument in Stoke church yard, so that Stoke's Anglo Saxon heritage would never be forgotten. That is what those two arches are, and the altar is still there too, but it's encircled for protection.

    So, we have some time to wait to hear the full story behind the treasure, but it will be an extremely valuable one because we know so little about our Anglo Saxon heritage. The story might be particularly valuable to Stoke, if it transpires our founding town played a part in the treasure ending up there. Might the looted, aristocratic soldiers have hailed from this side of the county? We can but fantasise until all is revealed....”

  • Profile image for This is Staffordshire

    by Steve, Longton

    Thursday, September 24 2009, 5:48PM

    “If they started to dig 20+ miles NNW of Burntwood they¿d make major finds of great historical significance about a time when this country was the leader of the industrial world. They would find tons and tons of broken saggars. Wouldn¿t it be better to get excited about a vibrant industry again than a few gold artefacts?”

  • Profile image for This is Staffordshire

    by John, Newcastle

    Thursday, September 24 2009, 12:03PM

    “I would have called this guy an anorak before today but not now.I have just added to my Chrisrmas list.”

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